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What certifications are important when buying a transformer?

What certifications are important when buying a transformer?

Se você está em busca de um transformador, saiba que será necessário realizar a homologação do aparelho. No artigo de hoje, ensinamos quais são necessárias! Você sabe o que é uma homologação de transformadores? Como se tratam de equipamentos que abrigam grandes cargas de energia, os transformadores não só precisam de testes frequentes de funcionamento […]

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Transformers: rent or buy?

Transformers: rent or buy?

Você precisa de um transformador, mas não sabe se compra ou aluga? No artigo de hoje, iremos explicar quais as vantagens da locação do transformador com a Transformadores União, confira! O uso de transformadores é essencial sempre que houver a necessidade de aumentar a potência, equilibrar a tensão na rede e/ou criar uma isolação eletromagnética, […]

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Dry transformer for outdoor use: is it possible?

Dry transformer for outdoor use: is it possible?

O transformador a seco, diferente do transformador a óleo é mais usual para ambientes internos, porém, é possível a utilização do mesmo em uso externo desde que sejam projetados com o grau de proteção conforme norma ABNT NBR IEC 60529 Transformador a seco para uso externo Por ser ecologicamente melhor que o transformador a óleo, […]

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Meet the main transformer manufacturers in Brazil

Meet the main transformer manufacturers in Brazil

Os transformadores são equipamentos que trabalham no aumento de potência, equilíbrio de tensão na rede e/ou uma isolação eletromagnética, entre outras funções essenciais na geração e distribuição de energia. Para garantir que esse produto atenda a todas as necessidades do sistema, é importante optar por opções homologadas dos principais fabricantes de Transformadores do Brasil.  Transformadores […]

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The manufacturing of an electrical power transformer involves several key steps: 1. **Core Manufacturing:** * **Material Selection:** High-quality silicon steel (often cold-rolled grain-oriented - CRGO) is used for the core. This material has high magnetic permeability and low hysteresis losses, which is crucial for efficient operation. * **Core Stacking:** The silicon steel is cut into thin sheets (lamination) and then assembled to form the magnetic core. These laminations are insulated from each other to reduce eddy currents, which cause energy loss and heating. * **Core Assembly:** The stacked laminations are typically formed into one of two main shapes: "core type" or "shell type." In a core type, the windings surround the core legs. In a shell type, the core surrounds the windings. 2. **Winding Manufacturing:** * **Conductor Selection:** Copper or aluminum wire, often insulated with a special enamel or paper, is used for the windings. The gauge of the wire depends on the current the winding will carry. * **Winding Process:** The insulated wire is wound onto formers or directly onto the core legs. For high-voltage windings, multiple layers are used, often separated by insulating paper or cardboard. The windings are carefully arranged to ensure proper electrical isolation and to minimize voltage stress between adjacent turns and layers. * **Tapping:** To allow for voltage regulation, winding taps are often incorporated. These are connection points at various stages of the winding that can be switched to change the turns ratio and thus the output voltage. 3. **Assembly:** * **Core and Winding Integration:** The manufactured core and windings are carefully assembled together. For core-type transformers, the windings are placed around the core legs. For shell-type transformers, the core is assembled around the windings. * **Insulation:** Extensive insulation is critical. This includes insulating paper, cardboard, Nomex paper, and sometimes vacuum-impregnated varnish or epoxy resins. Bushings, which are porcelain or composite insulators, are installed to provide safe external connections for the windings. * **Tanking:** The assembled core and windings are placed into a steel tank, which is then hermetically sealed. The tank is designed to contain the insulating oil and protect the internal components from the environment. 4. **Oil Filling and Testing:** * **Insulating Oil:** The transformer tank is filled with a special insulating oil, typically mineral oil or ester-based oil. This oil serves multiple purposes: it cools the core and windings by dissipating heat, it provides electrical insulation between live parts and the tank, and it helps prevent corona discharge. * **Degassing and Drying:** Before filling, the oil is often degassed and dried to remove moisture and dissolved gases, which can degrade its insulating properties. * **Testing:** After assembly and filling, the transformer undergoes rigorous testing to ensure it meets specifications. These tests include: * **Winding Resistance Test:** To check the continuity and resistance of the windings. * **Insulation Resistance Test (Megger Test):** To measure the quality of the insulation between windings and the tank. * **Dielectric Strength Test:** To verify the insulating properties of the oil. * **Voltage Ratio Test:** To confirm the correct voltage transformation. * **Polarity Test:** To ensure correct phasing of windings. * **Short-Circuit Impedance Test:** To determine the transformer's impedance. * **No-Load Losses and Excitation Current Test:** To measure core losses and magnetizing current. * **Load Losses Test:** To measure winding losses under load conditions. * **Impulse Test:** To assess the transformer's ability to withstand lightning surges. 5. **Finishing and Packaging:** * **External Components:** Components like radiators, fans (for cooling), conservators (to accommodate oil expansion), and tap changers are attached to the outside of the tank. * **Painting:** The tank is painted for corrosion protection and identification. * **Packaging and Shipping:** The finished transformer is prepared for shipping, often with its bushings removed or protected, and secured for transport.

The manufacturing of an electrical power transformer involves several key steps: 1. **Core Manufacturing:** * **Material Selection:** High-quality silicon steel (often cold-rolled grain-oriented - CRGO) is used for the core. This material has high magnetic permeability and low hysteresis losses, which is crucial for efficient operation. * **Core Stacking:** The silicon steel is cut into thin sheets (lamination) and then assembled to form the magnetic core. These laminations are insulated from each other to reduce eddy currents, which cause energy loss and heating. * **Core Assembly:** The stacked laminations are typically formed into one of two main shapes: "core type" or "shell type." In a core type, the windings surround the core legs. In a shell type, the core surrounds the windings. 2. **Winding Manufacturing:** * **Conductor Selection:** Copper or aluminum wire, often insulated with a special enamel or paper, is used for the windings. The gauge of the wire depends on the current the winding will carry. * **Winding Process:** The insulated wire is wound onto formers or directly onto the core legs. For high-voltage windings, multiple layers are used, often separated by insulating paper or cardboard. The windings are carefully arranged to ensure proper electrical isolation and to minimize voltage stress between adjacent turns and layers. * **Tapping:** To allow for voltage regulation, winding taps are often incorporated. These are connection points at various stages of the winding that can be switched to change the turns ratio and thus the output voltage. 3. **Assembly:** * **Core and Winding Integration:** The manufactured core and windings are carefully assembled together. For core-type transformers, the windings are placed around the core legs. For shell-type transformers, the core is assembled around the windings. * **Insulation:** Extensive insulation is critical. This includes insulating paper, cardboard, Nomex paper, and sometimes vacuum-impregnated varnish or epoxy resins. Bushings, which are porcelain or composite insulators, are installed to provide safe external connections for the windings. * **Tanking:** The assembled core and windings are placed into a steel tank, which is then hermetically sealed. The tank is designed to contain the insulating oil and protect the internal components from the environment. 4. **Oil Filling and Testing:** * **Insulating Oil:** The transformer tank is filled with a special insulating oil, typically mineral oil or ester-based oil. This oil serves multiple purposes: it cools the core and windings by dissipating heat, it provides electrical insulation between live parts and the tank, and it helps prevent corona discharge. * **Degassing and Drying:** Before filling, the oil is often degassed and dried to remove moisture and dissolved gases, which can degrade its insulating properties. * **Testing:** After assembly and filling, the transformer undergoes rigorous testing to ensure it meets specifications. These tests include: * **Winding Resistance Test:** To check the continuity and resistance of the windings. * **Insulation Resistance Test (Megger Test):** To measure the quality of the insulation between windings and the tank. * **Dielectric Strength Test:** To verify the insulating properties of the oil. * **Voltage Ratio Test:** To confirm the correct voltage transformation. * **Polarity Test:** To ensure correct phasing of windings. * **Short-Circuit Impedance Test:** To determine the transformer's impedance. * **No-Load Losses and Excitation Current Test:** To measure core losses and magnetizing current. * **Load Losses Test:** To measure winding losses under load conditions. * **Impulse Test:** To assess the transformer's ability to withstand lightning surges. 5. **Finishing and Packaging:** * **External Components:** Components like radiators, fans (for cooling), conservators (to accommodate oil expansion), and tap changers are attached to the outside of the tank. * **Painting:** The tank is painted for corrosion protection and identification. * **Packaging and Shipping:** The finished transformer is prepared for shipping, often with its bushings removed or protected, and secured for transport.

Aqui no Blog da Transformadores União, já comentamos sobre a função dos transformadores na geração e distribuição de energia, que é rebaixar ou elevar os níveis de tensões, de acordo com a necessidade.  Com papel tão importante em uma operação tão essencial que é o fornecimento de energia, esse equipamento precisa ser de alta qualidade, […]

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Does the transformer need to be approved by the utility company?

Does the transformer need to be approved by the utility company?

O transformador precisa ser homologado pela concessionária? Os transformadores são equipamentos essenciais para geração, adequação e distribuição de energia, como já citamos por aqui. E mesmo sendo comum na rotina de diversos estabelecimentos, muitos profissionais ainda possuem dúvidas sobre esse equipamento. Entre os questionamentos mais comuns está se o transformador precisa ser homologado pela concessionária […]

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A skid for a solar power plant is a prefabricated, self-contained unit that houses essential components of the solar power system. These components can include inverters, transformers, switchgear, and monitoring and control systems. Skids are designed to be easily transported and installed, reducing on-site labor and construction time. They are often used for utility-scale solar farms and can be customized to meet specific project requirements.

A skid for a solar power plant is a prefabricated, self-contained unit that houses essential components of the solar power system. These components can include inverters, transformers, switchgear, and monitoring and control systems. Skids are designed to be easily transported and installed, reducing on-site labor and construction time. They are often used for utility-scale solar farms and can be customized to meet specific project requirements.

A geração de energia através de placas solares tem crescido de forma acelerada. O Brasil, por exemplo, já possui 15 GW de potência instalada somando as usinas de grande porte e o sistema de geração própria Um componente essencial em projetos de usinas solares fotovoltaicas é o Skid. Você conhece a funcionalidade desse item? Acompanhe […]

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Dry transformer cooling

Dry transformer cooling

Os transformadores são equipamentos que fazem parte da geração e distribuição de energia elétrica. Eles podem ser divididos em duas principais categorias: à óleo e a seco. Os transformadores a seco recebem esse nome exatamente por não necessitarem do óleo para refrigeração ou isolação. Mas, você sabe como a refrigeração acontece nesse tipo de equipamento? […]

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Dry transformer preventive maintenance

Dry transformer preventive maintenance

Todos os transformadores exigem inspeção contínua, para garantir o bom funcionamento do equipamento. E os transformadores elétricos, que são utilizados na geração e distribuição de energia para indústrias, hospitais, aeroportos e cinemas, não são diferentes. Mas vale destacar que exigem testes específicos, que  permitem evitar paradas não programadas, aumentar a vida útil do equipamento, além […]

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How does energy generation from biomass work?

How does energy generation from biomass work?

Juntamente como o sistema fotovoltaico, a biomassa é uma das fontes renováveis de energia. Basicamente, ela corresponde a toda massa orgânica ou vegetal, que não sejam combustíveis fósseis tradicionais — podendo ser, inclusive, uma alternativa para esse tipo de energia. Pela diversidade de matéria prima (resíduos agrícolas, restos de alimentos, lenha, bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e […]

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